An annotated vascular flora and floristic analysis of the southern half of the Nature Conservancy Davis Mountains Preserve, Jeff Davis County, Texas, U.S.A.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v11.i2.1091Keywords:
Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, Davis Mountains, vascular flora, floristics, sky islandsAbstract
The Nature Conservancy Davis Mountains Preserve (DMP) is located 40 km northwest of Fort Davis, Texas, in the northeastern region of the Chihuahuan Desert and consists of some of the most complex topography of the Davis Mountains, including their summit, Mount Livermore, at 8378 ft (2554 m). The cool, temperate, "sky island" ecosystem caters to the requirements that are needed to accommodate a wide range of unique diversity, endemism, and vegetation patterns, including desert grasslands and montane savannahs. The current study began in May of 2011 and aimed to catalogue the entire vascular flora of the 18,360 acres of Nature Conservancy property south of Highway 118 and directly surrounding Mount Livermore. Previous botanical investigations are presented, as well as biogeographic relationships of the flora. The numbers from herbaria searches and from the recent field collections combine to a total of 2,153 voucher specimens, representing 483 species and infraspecies, 287 genera, and 87 families. The best-represented families are Asteraceae (89 species, 18.4% of the total flora), Poaceae (76 species, 15.7% of the total flora), and Fabaceae (21 species, 4.3% of the total flora). The current study represents a 25.44% increase in vouchered specimens and a 9.7% increase in known species from the study area’s 18,360 acres and describes four endemic and fourteen non-native species (four invasive) on the property. The subsequent analysis of the results, compared to those of previous regional-flora catalogues, presents the flora of the DMP as one that is unique to the higher elevations and igneous substrates of western Texas and the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Multiple influences from overlapping and neighboring ecoregions, including the Great Plains, Madrean, and Sonoran provinces, are all seen to have varying degrees of authority in regards to the shaping of the modern-day vegetation.
References
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Downey, A.E. 1978. Terrell County, Texas, its past–its people. Rangel Printing, San Angelo, Texas, U.S.A.
Fenstermacher, J. 2007. Annotated vascular flora and regional floristic analysis of the Dead Horse Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas. MS. Thesis. Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas, U.S.A.
Fenstermacher, J., A.M. Powell, J. Sirotnak, & M. Terry. 2008. Annotated vascular flora of the Dead Horse Mountains, Big Bend National Park, with notes on local vegetation communities and regional floristic relationships. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1):685–730.
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Goff, F.G., G.A. Dawson, & J.J. Rochow. 1982. Site examination for threatened and endangered plant species. Environm. Managem. 6:307–316.
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Henry, C.D., J.G. Price, & E.W. James. 1991. Mid-Cenozoic stress evolution and magmatism in the southern Cordillera, Texas and Mexico: Transition from continental arc to intraplate extension. J. Geophysical Res. 96:13545–13560.
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Jones, S.D., J.K. Wipff, & P.M. Montgomery. 2003. Vascular plants of Texas: A comprehensive checklist including synonymy. University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Keller, D.W. & W.A. Cloud. 2006. An archeological survey of the proposed Madera Canyon Nature Trail, Davis Mountains Preserve, Jeff Davis County, Texas. Reports in Contract Archeology No. 18. Texas Nature Conservancy and Center for Big Bend Studies, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas, U.S.A.
Larke, J.O. 1989. Flora and vegetation of the Forbidden Mountain area, Jeff Davis County, Texas. MS. Thesis, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas, U.S.A.
Leopold, A. 1924. Grass, brush, timber and fire in southern Arizona. J. Forest. 22:1–10.
Liggio, J. & A.O. Liggio. 1999. Wild orchids of Texas. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Mallouf, R.J. 2000. Evidence of ancient Folsom culture discovered on CDRI property. La Vista de la Frontera 13:14.
McLaughlin, S.P. 1986. Floristic analysis of the southwestern United States. Great Basin Naturalist 46:46–65.
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National Park Service. 1996. The vascular flora of Big Bend National Park, Texas. In-house publication prepared by the Science and Resource Management Division.
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2007. Soil classification, nomenclature, and maps. websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov.
Nature Conservancy. 2008a. Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion: Conservation profile. The Nature Conservancy of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
Nature Conservancy. 2008b. Davis Mountains project: Conservation profile. The Nature Conservancy of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
NatureServe. 2013. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. Version 7.0. Available at www.natureserve.org/explorer. Accessed April 2014.
New York Botanical Garden (NYBG). 2006. New York Botanical Garden international plant science center virtual herbarium website. Available at http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/vii2.asp.html. Accessed February 2014.
Oswald, B.P., A.M. Bataineh, & A. Rountree. 2004. First record of Clitoria mariana in western Texas. Sida 21:507–508.
Palmer, E.J. 1929. The ligneous flora of the Davis Mountains. J.Arnold Arbor. 10:9–45.
Palmer, M.W., G.L. Wade, & P. Neal. 1995. Standards for the writing of floras. BioScience 45:339–345.
Parker, D.F., Jr. 1972. Stratigraphy, petrography, and K-Ar geochronology of volcanic rocks, northeastern Davis Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas. MS. Thesis. University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Plant Resources Center, University of Texas at Austin [PRC]. 2012. Flora of Texas TEX-LL database. Available at http://orchid.biosci.utexas.edu/Texas_II.html. Accessed April 2014.
Poole, J.M., W.R. Carr, D.M. Price, & J.R. Singhurst. 2007. Rare plants of Texas. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.
Poulos, H.M., A.E. Camp, R.G. Gatewood, & L. Loomis. 2007. A hierarchical approach for scaling forest inventory, and fuels data from local to landscape scales in the Davis Mountains, Texas, USA. Forest Ecol. Managem. 244:1–15.
Powell, A.M. 1994. Grasses of the Trans-Pecos and adjacent areas. Iron Mountain Press, Marathon, Texas, U.S.A.
Powell, A.M. 1998. Trees and shrubs of Trans-Pecos Texas: Including Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Powell, A.M. 2000. Grasses of the Trans-Pecos and adjacent areas. Iron Mountain Press, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Powell, A.M., J.F. Weedin, & S.A. Powell. 2008. Cacti of Texas: A field guide. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A.
Powell, A.M. & J.F. Weedin. 2004. Cacti of the Trans-Pecos and adjacent areas. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A.
Powell, A.M. & R.D. Worthington. In prep. Flowering Plants of the Trans Pecos and adjacent areas. Sul Ross State University. Alpine, Texas, U.S.A.
Raven, P.H., R.F. Evert, & S.E. Eichhorn. 2013. Biology of plants. W.H. Freeman, New York, U.S.A.
Rzedowski, J. 1973. Geographical relationships of the flora of Mexican dry regions. In: A. Graham, ed. Vegetation and vegetational history of northern Latin America. Elsevier, New York, U.S.A. Pp. 61–72.
Schiermeier, Q. 2011. Mega-drought threat to US Southwest. Nature. Available at http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110223/full/news.2011.120.html. Accessed March 2014.
Shreve, F. 1922. Conditions indirectly affecting vertical distribution on desert mountains. Ecology 3:269–274.
Sikes, S. & J. Smith. 1975. Davis Mountains vegetational study. In: Division of natural resources and environment, University of Texas at Austin. Mount Livermore and Sawtooth Mountain: A natural area survey. University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. Pp. 1–23.
Smith, R.L. 1980. Ecology and field biology. Harper and Row, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Soil Conservation Service. 1977. Soil survey of Jeff Davis County, Texas. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Takhtajan, A. 1986. Floristic regions of the world. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
Texasinvasives.org. 2008. Pulling It Together Initiative. Texas invasive plant database. Available at www.texasinvasives.org. Accessed March 2014.
Texas A&M Bioinformatics Working Group. 2007. Texas endemics: Checklist of endemics website. Available at www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/endemics.htm. Accessed April 2014.
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Published
2017-11-29
How to Cite
Keeling, J. J. . (2017). An annotated vascular flora and floristic analysis of the southern half of the Nature Conservancy Davis Mountains Preserve, Jeff Davis County, Texas, U.S.A. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 11(2), 563–618. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v11.i2.1091
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FLORISTICS, ECOLOGY, & CONSERVATION
