Phytogeographical relationships and analysis of the flora of South Texas Plains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v11.i2.1090Resumen
El extremo sur de Texas es una parte de la provincia Tamaulipana del noreste de Mexico que algunos autores consideran en el Subreino Madreano del Reino Holártico, y otros en la “Xerofítica Mexicana” del Reino Neotropical. Para arrojar más luz sobre esta cuestión, se compile una flora natural catorce condados en la ecorregión Llanuras S TX, flora Llanuras Sur de Texas (S TX), se estudió desde una perspectiva biogeográfica, y se analizó en este trabajo. El análisis se basó en principio en los contornos de la distribución de especies and géneros. Se buscó bibliografía filogenética para encontrar relaciones, patrones de migraciones, y conexiones geográficas de las especies de los clados mayores. Los espectros taxonométricos y geográficos de la flora S TX se obtuvieron y compararon con los de otras dos floras del sur de Texas: SC Texas (EP, o Edwards Plateau) y Región Big Bend (BB). Hay 1250 especies nativas de 553 géneros y 117 familias en la flora S TX. Estas especies se clasificaron en 25 elementos geográficos (florísticos). Aquí se presenta un catálogo de S TX acompañado de descripciones de geoelementos, una comparación de espectros geográficos de las especies y géneros de las tres floras, y el análisis biogeográfico de la S TX flora. South TX, con una topografía plana y estando en la encrucijada de las rutas de migración, tiene múltiples conexiones con centros florísticos adyacentes. El endemismo Tamaulipano no es particularmente alto (8% in S TX) en comparación con el endemismo mucho mayor Chihuahuano en BB (23% in BB; 10% in S TX). Las proporciones de taxa de las grandes familias en las tres floras del sur de Texas muestran números mucho más altos de especies tropicales-subtropicales, Tamaulipanas, Gulf Coast, y Mesoamericanas (costeras) en la flora S TX en comparación con las de EP y BB. Las especies del Norte templado, E Norte Americano, y Pradera están mejor representados en EP (47%), seguidos por S TX (36%), con solo 17% en BB. La mayoría de las especies diferenciales BB están en los geoelementos Chihuahuano, SW N Americano, Sonorano/Apachiano, y el Madreano. Los géneros de la mayor familia, Asteraceae, que son diferenciales entre las tres floras muestran la importancia de los centros de diversidad mexicanos (Madreano) así como las migraciones desde el Subreino Tethyano en el conjunto de la flora S TX. Las conexiones Tethyanas también son evidentes entre las Boraginaceae s. str. y algunos otros grupos que aparecen en la flora. Los espectros de los elementos geográficos genéricos y específicos de S TX ilustran la position de transición de su flora. Esta representa un ecotono entre las regiones norteamericanas Oeste (Madreana) y la Este (Atlantica y Costa del Golfo), con una influencia muy grande de varios elementos Neotropicales y una afinidad más alta con la flora EP que con la de BB.
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Lee, J., B.G. Baldwin, & L.D. Gottlieb. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships among the primarily North American genera of Cichorieae (Compositae) based on analysis of 18S-26S Nuclear rDNA ITS and ETS Sequences. Syst. Bot. 28(3):61–626.
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Luebert, F., T.L.P. Couvreur, M. Gottschling, H.H. Hilger, J.S. Miller, & M. Weigend. 2016. Historical biogeography of Boraginales: West Gondwanan vicariance followed by long-distance dispersal? J. Biogeogr. 44:158–169. doi:10.1111/jbi.12841
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MacRoberts M.H. & B.R. MacRoberts. 2003. The East to West transition of the flora in Texas: A biogeographical analysis. Sida 20(4):1693–1700.
MacRoberts, M.H. & B.R. MacRoberts. 2007. Phytogeography of the Big Thicket, East Texas. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2):1149–1155.
MacRoberts M.H. & B.R. MacRoberts. 2008. Species richness of vegetational areas of Texas: A first approximation. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2:1373–1379.
Mairal, M., L. Pokorny, J.J. Aldasoro, M. Alarcón, & I. Sanmartín. 2015. Ancient vicariance and climate-driven extinction explain continental-wide disjunctions in Africa: The case of the Rand flora genus Canarina (Campanulaceae). Molec. Ecol. 24:1335–1354. doi:10.1111/mec.13114
Mairal, M., I. Sanmartín, & L. Pellissier. 2017. Lineage-specific climatic niche drives the tempo of vicariance in the Rand Flora. J. Biogeogr. doi:10.1111/jbi.12930
Morrone, J.J. 2014. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 3782 (1), 1–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1
Morrone, J.J., D. Espinosa Organista, C. Aguilar Zuniga, & J. Llorente Bousquets. 1999. Preliminary classification of the Mexican biogeographic provinces: A parsimony analysis of endemicity based on plant, insect, and bird taxa. S.W. Naturalist 44:508–515.
Mort, M.E., C.P. Randle, R.T. Kimball, M. Tadesse, & D.J. Crawford. 2008. Phylogeny of Coreopsideae (Asteraceae): Insights from nuclear and plastid sequences. Taxon 57:109–120.
Nesom G.L. 1995. Revision of Chaptalia (Asteraceae: Mutiseae) from North America and continental Central America. Phytologia 73:1531–88.
Nixon, K.C. 1993. The genus Quercus in Mexico. In: Ramamoorthy T.P., R. Bye, A. Lot, & J. Fa, eds. Biological diversity of Mexico: Origin and distribution. New York. Pp. 447–458.
Peterson, P.M., K. Romaschenko, & G. Johnson. 2010. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 97:1532–1554.
Popov, M.G. 1963. Osnovy florogenetiki [Fundamentals of florogenetics], M. Izd. Acad. Nauc. SSSR, Moscow. (In Russian).
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Publicado
2017-11-29
Cómo citar
Saghatelyan, A. . (2017). Phytogeographical relationships and analysis of the flora of South Texas Plains. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 11(2), 527–561. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v11.i2.1090
Número
Sección
FLORÍSTICA, ECOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN
