Reassessment of subspecific taxa within Pediocactus peeblesianus (Cactaceae) by multivariate analysis of morphological characters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i1.1234Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine whether there are groups of populations within Pediocactus peeblesianus that when considered collectively possess combinations of morphological character values that are significantly different between or among other groups and whether any such groupings correlate with geography. A total of 323 individuals were measured for 17 stem characters in 11 populations, including three populations of the outgroup, Pediocactus sileri. The morphological data suggested no practical geographic manner in which to segregate taxonomic groups of populations within P. peeblesianus. A weak morphological cline occurred from west to east, in which central spines increased in number and length, and radial spines decreased in thickness. Values for four characters correlated significantly with stem diameter, indicating that a significant amount of the morphological variation within P. peeblesianus can be explained by plant size. Historically, the taxon P. peeblesianus var. peeblesianus was evidently based on neotenous individuals occurring on very shallow soils, while P. peeblesianus var. fickeiseniorum was based on individuals occurring on deeper soils farther west along the cline. In light of our findings, we see no reason to recognize infraspecific taxa within P. peeblesianus.
References
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PEEBLES, R.H. 1941. Arizona cactus. J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 13:194–198.
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REVEAL, J.L. 2012. Nomenclatural review of the epithet fickeisenii. In: N.H. Holmgren, P.K. Holmgren, and J.L. Reveal, eds. Intermountain flora. Vol. 2(A):697. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, U.S.A.
ZIMMERMAN, A.D. & B.D. PARFITT. 2003. Coryphantha. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York, U.S.A. and Oxford, UK. 4:220–237.
BACKEBERG, C. 1961. Die Cactaceae, Handbuch der Kakteenkunde, Volume 5. EB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
BAKER, M.A. & C. BUTTERWORTH. 2013. Geographic distribution and taxonomic circumscription of populations within Coryphantha section Robustispina (Cactaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 100:984–997.
BENSON, L. 1950. The cacti of Arizona, 2nd edition. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, U.S.A.
BENSON, L. 1962. Revision and amplification of Pediocactus III. J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 34:57–61.
BENSON, L. 1969. The cacti of Arizona, 3rd edition. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, U.S.A.
BENSON, L. 1982. The cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, U.S.A.
BRUMMIT, R.K. 2001. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 52. Taxon 50:1179–1182.
BUTTERWICK, M. 1985. Population study of an endangered endemic, Pediocactus peeblesianus var. peeblesianus (Cactaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 72:847–848.
BUTTERWORTH, C.A. 2012. Pediocactus. In: N.H. Holmgren, P.K. Holmgren, and J.L. Reveal, eds. Intermountain flora. Vol. 2(A):689–697.
CROZOIT, L. 1943. Navajoa, a new genus in Cactaceae. J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 15:88–89
DOWELD A.B. 1999. Nomenclatural changes of some subjective homonyms in Cacteae (Cactoideae-Cactaceae). Sukkulenty 2(3):43.
FRANK, G.R. 2007. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds. In: Hochstätter, F.The genera Pediocactus Navajoa Toumeya. Fritz Hochstätter, Mannheim, Germany. Pp. 55–60.
FERGUSON, G. 2014. University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ), Tucson. Half a million specimens and a century of research, service, and education in plant and fungal biodiversity. Pl. Press (Tucson) 37:10–13.
HÁJEK, M. 2000. Two new combinations in the genus Pediocactus. Kaktusy (Brno) 34(3):73.
HEIL, K.D. & J.M. PORTER. 2003. Pediocactus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York, U.S.A. and Oxford, UK. 4:211–216.
HENTZSHEL, G. 1989. Die Morphologie der Samen von Pediocactus und Sclerocactus spp. In: Hochstätter, F. An den Standorten von Pedio-cactus und Sclerocactus. Pp. 128–142 [pp. 134–150 in the English edition 1990].
JANEBA, Z. 2009. Insect flower visitors and pollinators of cacti from the southwest USA: A contribution to the identification of insect flower visitors/pollinators of some globular cacti (tribe Cacteae) and opuntias (tribes Opuntieae and Cylindropuntieae) from the southwest USA. Bradleya 27:59–68.
KONNERT, M. 2007. Isozyme analysis of Pediocactus, Navajoa, Toumeya, and related genera. In: Hochstätter, F. The genera Pediocactus Navajoa Toumeya. Fritz Hochstätter, Mannheim, Germany. Pp. 50–52.
HOCHSTÄTTER, F. 1994. Revise van het geslacht Pediocactus – 1 Navajoa en Toumeya. Succulenta (Netherlands)73(3):131–142.
HOCHSTÄTTER, F. 1995. Die Gattung Navajoa. Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(5)113–119.
HOCHSTÄTTER, F. 2003. New combinations in the genera Pediocactus and Navajoa (Cactaceae) Cactaceae-Review, IRT 6(1):11.
HOCHSTÄTTER, F. 2007. The genera Pediocactus Navajoa Toumeya. Fritz Hochstätter, Mannheim, Germany.
HOCHSTÄTTER, F. 2008. The genus Pediocactus Britton & Rose (Cactacaeae) Part I Cactaceae-Review, IRT 11:20
KEARNEY, T.H. & R.H. PEEBLES. 1942. Flowering plants and ferns of Arizona. United States Department of Agriculture Misc. Publ. 423, United States Printing Office, Washington D.C, U.S.A.
KLADIWA, L. 1969. Utahia peeblesiana (Croizat) Kladiwa comb. nov., C VI e-C VIII b. In: Krainz, H. Die Kakteen: Eine Gesamtdarstellung der eingeführten Arten nebst Anzucht- und Pflege-Anweisungen. Herausgegeben, Stuttgart, Germany.
LÜTHY, J.M.1999. Einige neue Kakteen-Namen. Kakteen und. Sukk. 50(11):277–280.
MARSHALL, W.T. 1947. Revisions in the taxonomy and some new combinations in Cactaceae. J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 19:75–77.
PARFITT, B.D. & A.C. GIBSON. 2003. Cactaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York, U.S.A. and Oxford, UK. 4:92–257.
PEEBLES, R.H. 1941. Arizona cactus. J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 13:194–198.
PORTER, J.M. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast trnL-F DNA sequences in Pediocactus (Cactaceae), with special reference to P. peeblesianus. Final report prepared for the U. S. Bureau of Land Management, Safford, Arizona, U.S.A. 29 pp.
PORTER, J.M. 2014. Series of emails between M. Baker and J. M. Porter, 30 July and 17 November 2014.
REVEAL, J.L. 2012. Nomenclatural review of the epithet fickeisenii. In: N.H. Holmgren, P.K. Holmgren, and J.L. Reveal, eds. Intermountain flora. Vol. 2(A):697. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, U.S.A.
ZIMMERMAN, A.D. & B.D. PARFITT. 2003. Coryphantha. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York, U.S.A. and Oxford, UK. 4:220–237.
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Published
2022-07-15
How to Cite
Baker, M., & Cloud-Hughes, M. A. (2022). Reassessment of subspecific taxa within Pediocactus peeblesianus (Cactaceae) by multivariate analysis of morphological characters. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 16(1), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i1.1234
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