Diversity across the border: Genetic study of a highly disjunct occurrence of the U.S. federally-endangered plant species Physaria thamnophila, Brassicaceae (Zapata bladderpod) discovered in Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v17.i2.1320Palabras clave:
Brassicaceae, geoendemic, transnational, molecular-clock, sibling speciesResumen
La taxonomía, la genética y la biogeografía contribuyen de manera importante a la conservación biológica. Sin embargo, la integración de estas disciplinas para lograr una descripción coherente del estado de un taxón de interés puede ser compleja. Este es el caso de la planta endémica transfronteriza Physaria thamnophila (Brassicaceae), una especie evaluada en peligro de extinción en la lista federal de los Estados Unidos, que está restringida a un conjunto de sitios geológicos únicos justo al norte del río Grande (Río Bravo del Norte) en el sur de Texas, EE.UU. Se encontró previamente un sitio adicional de ocurrencia esta especie a gran distancia (260 km al sur, en Tamaulipas, México) en una zona con características geológicas y ecológicas distintas. En este trabajo, cuantificamos la diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones de EE. UU. y de México, utilizando cuatro marcadores microsatélites y secuencias de tres fragmentos de genes nucleares. Ambos tipos de marcadores revelaron un alto nivel de divergencia genética, que sugiere un aislamiento geográfico de aproximadamente 1–2.5 millones de años, para el cual desarrollamos una hipótesis con base geológica. Integrando nuestros datos con consideraciones ecológicas, taxonómicas y de conservación, proponemos la designación subespecífica de Physaria thamnophila subsp. loretensis para la población mexicana, y discutimos las implicaciones evolutivas y de conservación de dicha designación.
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