First record of Euonymus maackii (Celastraceae) from the Arkansas (U.S.A.) flora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v19.i4.1445Keywords:
Celastraceae, winterberry euonymus, Arkansas, Garland County, invasive, EuonymusAbstract
The first naturalized occurrence of Euonymus maackii (Celastraceae) in the Arkansas flora is reported here from Garland County. In 2025, a small, naturalized population of 9–10 plants of E. maackii was discovered in highly disturbed roadside habitat along a small drainage and adjacent to a residential area, within the city of Hot Springs. Larger individuals were fertile, with well-developed but immature fruits. Smaller, sterile individuals are presumed established from seeds produced from the larger, reproductive-age plants. The precise origin of the naturalized plants is unknown, although initial escape and establishment from cultivated plants of the species is probable.
References
GENTRY, J.L., G.P. JOHNSON, B.T. BAKER, C.T. WITSELL, & J.D. OGLE. 2013. Atlas of the vascular plants of Arkansas. Vascular Flora Project, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, U.S.A.
KUHN, B., B.E. NELSON, & R.L. HARTMAN. 2011. A floristic inventory of the Cimarron National Grassland (Kansas) and the Comanche National Grassland (Colorado). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5:753–772.
MA, J. & M. FUNSTON. 2008. Euonymus (Celastraceae). In: Z.Y. Wu and P.H. Raven, eds. Flora of China. Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U.S.A. Pp. 440–460.
MA, J. & G.A. LEVIN. 2016. Euonymus (Celastraceae). In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 12. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, U.S.A. and London, UK. Pp. 122–125.
OGLE, J., T. WITSELL, & J. GENTRY. 2020. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of Arkansas. Ozark Society Foundation, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A.
SERVISS, B.E. & R. TUMLISON. 2021. Guide to the naturalized, escaped, and adventive woody flora of Arkansas. Phytoneuron 2021-29:1–193.
SERVISS, B.E., J.W. HARDAGE, B.L. OLSEN, & J.H. PECK. 2017. Euonymus japonicus (Celastraceae) new to the Arkansas flora. Phytoneuron 2017-80:1–3.
SMITH, E.B. 1994. Keys to the flora of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Press. Fayetteville, Arkansas, U.SA.
WEAKLEY, A.S. AND SOUTHEASTERN FLORA TEAM. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. Available at http://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu. Accessed August 2025.
WUNDERLIN, R.P., B.F. HANSEN, A.R. FRANCK, & F.B. ESSIG. 2025. Atlas of Florida plants. [S.M. Landry and K.N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute]. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa, U.S.A. Available at http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/. Accessed August 2025.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
