Flora of six Lower Mississippi River islands (U.S.A.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v17.i1.1297Resumen
Las islas de la parte baja del Río Misisipi forman parte del hábitat de la última llanura aluvial del río que queda. Estudiar la biodiversidad de estas islas es importante para entender el ecosistema fluvial. El equipo de botánicos de la Universidad del Estado de Arkansas completó un estudio de la flora en seis islas de la parte baja del Río Misisipi, entre las millas 668 y 526 en el sur de Arkansas y el norte de Misisipi. Estas islas contienen varios de los hábitats y tienen diversos tamaños de 106 a 697 hectáreas de la vegetación. Identificamos 485 especies (en total 491 taxa, incluyendo seis de rango subespecífico) de 2,310 exsiccatas recogidas entre junio de 2020 y diciembre de 2021. Estos taxa pertenecen a 89 familias y 282 géneros. 100 especies (20,6%) no son nativas de la cuenca de drenaje del Río Misisipi. Nueve taxa encontrados en el estado de Misisipi están siendo seguidos por el Programa de conservación del Patrimonio Natural de Arkansas. Encontramos cinco taxa que representan nuevos citas en Arkansas (Equisetum variegatum, Achyranthes japonica var. hachijoensis, Stellaria aquatica, Potentilla paradoxa, Cyperus diandrus) y siete en Misisipi (Euploca convolvulacea, Sisymbrium loeselii, Chaiturus marrubiastrum, Mentha canadensis, Potentilla norvegica, P. paradoxa, Physalis mollis). Además, recogimos 266 nuevas especies para condados de esos estados, incluyendo 132 en el condado Phillips, en Arkansas, 64 en el condado Desha, en AR, 28 en el condado Chicot, en AR, y 42 en el condado Washington, en Misisipi. El alto número de especies que son raras significa que son necesarias más exploraciones botánicas en la región. De las 485 especies de la flora, 110 especies están presentes en todas las islas (22,7%), 43 en cinco de las islas, 47 en cuatro, 75 en tres, 72 en dos y 138 en sola una isla (28,5). El número de especies únicas encontradas en sola una isla pone en evidencia que las islas son variables y dinámicas en las zonas costeras o ribereñas.
Citas
ADOBE INC. 2022. Adobe Illustrator. Proprietary. Available at adobe.com/products/illustrator. Accessed Aug 2020.
ALEXANDER, J.S., R.C. WILSON, & W.R. GREEN. 2012. A brief history and summary of the effects of river engineering and dams on the Mississippi River system and delta. In: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1375.
ANDERSON-TULLY CO. V. MURPHREE ET AL. 1946. 153 F.2d 874. 1946. Available at casetext.com/case/anderson-tully-co-v-murphree. Accessed November 2020.
(ANHC) ARKANSAS NATURAL HERITAGE COMMISSION. 2021. AR ANHC tracked plants. Internal agency document.
ARKANSAS V. MISSISSIPPI, 471 U.S. 377. 1985. Available at supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/471/377/#tab-opinion-1956125. Accessed July 2022.
ATHA, D. 2020. The case for recognizing Persicaria amphibia and Persicaria coccinea as distinct species. iNaturalist. Available at https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/danielatha/43123-the-case-for-recognizing-persicaria-amphibia-and-persicaria-coccinea-as-distinct-species. Accessed Jan 2023.
BARNES, W.J. 1985. Population dynamics of woody plants on a river island. Canad. J. Bot. 63:647–655. https://doi.org/10.1139/b85-081
BECK, H.E., N.E. ZIMMERMANN, T.R. MCVICAR, N. VERGOPOLAN, A. BERG, & E.F. WOOD. 2018. Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Sci. Data 5(180214). https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000302311
BOYLE, B., N. HOPKINS, Z. LU, J.A.R. GARAY, D. MOZZHERIN, T. REESE, N. MATASCI, M.L. NARRO, W.H. PIEL, S.J. MCKAY, S. LOWRY, C. FREELAND, R.K. PEET, & B.J. ENQUIST. 2013. The taxonomic name resolution service: an online tool for automated standardization of plant names. B.M.C. Bioinf. 14(16). doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-16
BRAGG, M. 1977. Historic names and places on the Lower Mississippi River. Mississippi River Commission, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
BRIDSON, D. & L. FORMAN. 1998. The herbarium handbook, third edition. Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd., UK.
CAB INTERNATIONAL. 2021. Invasive species compendium, Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge). Available at cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17506. Accessed July 2022.
CHAO, A., N.J. GOTELLI, T.C. HSIEH, E.L. SANDER, K.H. MA, R.K. COLWELL, & A.M. ELLISON. 2014. Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies. Ecol. Monogr. 84:45–67. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0133.1
CHAO, A., K.H. MA, & T.C. HSIEH. 2016. iNEXT (iNterpolation and EXTrapolation) Online: software for interpolation and extrapolation of species diversity. Available at http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw/wordpress/software_download/inext-online/. Accessed Jan 2023.
CLARK, K., I. KARSCH-MIZRACHI, D.J. LIPMAN, J. OSTELL, & E.W. SAYERS. 2016. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 44(Database issue):D67–D72. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv1276
DIGGS, G.M., JR., B.L. LIPSCOMB, & R.J. O’KENNON. 1999. Shinners & Mahler’s illustrated flora of north central Texas. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, TX, U.S.A.
DOFFITT, C., N. SONDERMAN, V. MADDOX, L. KELLY, W. WELLS, J. TAYLOR, H. SULLIVAN, J. COPELAND, D. RIECKE, & J. SIMPSON. 2010. Draft: Noteworthy exotic plant species for Mississippi. Available at se-eppc.org/mississippi/. Accessed July 2022.
EBINGER, J.E., L.R. PHILLIPPE, R.W. NŸBOER, W.E. MCCLAIN, D.T. BUSEMEYER, K.R. ROBERTSON, & G.A. LEVIN. 2006. Vegetation and flora of the sand deposits of the Mississippi River Valley in northwestern Illinois. Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. 37:191–238. https://doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v37.122
EFLORAS. 2008. Flora of China. Available at efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2. Accessed Jul 2022. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.
(EPA) U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. 2012. U.S. Level III and IV Ecoregions (U.S. EPA). Available at edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid={02C99043-2E25-4A4E-BBE3-6AAE81ED7FC8}. Accessed June 2022.
ESRI. 2021. ArcGIS Pro Version 2.8. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA. Available at pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/2.8/get-started/download-arcgis-pro.htm. Accessed Jul 2022.
EVANS, D.K. 1979. Floristics of the Middle Mississippi River sand and mud flats. Castanea 44:8–24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4032852
FLODEN, A. & A.E. BRANT. 2018. Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa belatedly confirmed for the flora of Missouri. Missouriensis 36:15–17.
FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE, EDS. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 22+ vols. New York, U.S.A. and Oxford, U.K.
GENTRY, J.L., G.P. JOHNSON, B.T. BAKER, C.T. WITSELL, & J.D. OGLE, EDS. 2013. Atlas of the vascular plants of Arkansas. Arkansas Vascular Flora Com-mittee, Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A.
GIBSON, A.C. n.d. Plants of Williamson County, Sesbania vesicaria—bagpod [Fabaceae]. Available at w3.biosci.utexas.edu/prc/K12/pdf/Sesbania%20vesicaria. Accessed July 2022.
GODFREY, R.K. & J.W. WOOTEN. 1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States, dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA, U.S.A.
GREULICH, S., S. FRANKLIN, T. WASKLEWICZ, & J. GRUBAUGH. 2007. Hydrogeomorphology and forest composition of sunrise towhead island in the Lower Mississippi River. S.E. Naturalist 6:217–234. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4541017
GUYON, L.J. & R.J. COSGRIFF. 2022. Japanese hops (Humulus japonicus) control and management strategies in large river floodplains. J. Forest. (Washington) 120:156–169. https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab055
GWALTNEY, J.R. 2022. Southeastern flora, southeastern US plant identification resource. Available at southeasternflora.com/index.php. Accessed July 2022.
HACKER, M. 2019. Strawberry, not a strawberry: Distinguishing between wild strawberry and Indian strawberry. Orbis Environmental Consulting, South Bend, IN, U.S.A.
HOSNER, J.F. & L.S. MINCKLER. 1963. Bottomland hardwood forests of southern Illinois—regeneration and succession. Ecology 44:29–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/1933178
HUDSON, P.F., E. VAN DER HOUT, & M. VERDAASDONK. 2019. (Re)Development of fluvial islands along the lower Mississippi River over five decades, 1965–2015. Geomorphology 331:78–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.11.005
INATURALIST. 2022. Available at inaturalist.org. Accessed July 2022.
KARTESZ, J.T. 2015a. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Taxonomic Data Center. Available at bonap.net/tdc. Accessed July 2022.
KARTESZ, J.T. 2015b. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP), North American Plant Atlas. Available at bonap.net/napa. Accessed July 2022.
KELLUM, J.E., E. SUNDELL, & B.R. LOCKHART. 1997. Ground flora composition following harvesting of a bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi River batture lands. J. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 51:199–203. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol51/iss1/32
KILLGORE, K.J., T. SLACK, R. FISCHER, J. HOOVER, A. HARRISON, & P. HARTFIELD. 2014. Conservation plan for the interior least tern, pallid sturgeon, and fat pocketbook mussel in the Lower Mississippi River (Endangered Species Act, Section 7(a)(1)), MRG&P Report No. 4. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
KLIMAS, C.V. 1987. Forested buffers for overbank flow velocity reduction along the Lower Mississippi River. In: J.A. Kusler & G. Brooks, eds. Proceedings of the National Wetland Symposium: Wetland Hydrology. Association of State Wetland Managers, Berne, NY, U.S.A. Pp. 152–155.
KLIMAS, C.V. 1988. Forest vegetation of the leveed floodplain of the Lower Mississippi River. Mississippi River Commission, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
LACROIX, C.R. & U. POSLUSZNY. 1989. Phyllotactic patterns in some members of the Vitaceae. Bot. Gaz. 150:303–313. https://doi.org/10.1086/337775
MCCARTHA, G.L. Phylogeny of southeastern Bidens and community phylogenetics. Unpublished manuscript.
MCCARTHA, G.L. 2022. Plant community patterns and a flora of six Lower Mississippi River islands. Arkansas State University, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing. https://libproxy.unm.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/plant-community-patterns-flora-six-lower/docview/2774798970/se-2
MENGES, E.S. 1986. Environmental correlates of herb species composition in five southern Wisconsin floodplain forests. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 115:106–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/2425840
MINNESOTAWILDFLOWERS.INFO. 2022. Minnesota wildflowers, a field guide to the flora of Minnesota. Available at minnesotawildflowers.info/. Accessed July 2022.
(MNHP) MISSISSIPPI NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM. 2018. Special plants tracking list. Museum of Natural Science, Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Jackson, MS, U.S.A. Available at mdwfp.com/media/255920/special-plant-tracking-list-2018.pdf. Accessed July 2022.
MISSISSIPPI V. ARKANSAS, 415 U.S. 289. 1974. Available at supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/415/289/. Accessed July 2022.
MOHLENBROCK, R.H. 1975. Vegetation in the flood plain adjacent to the Mississippi River between Cairo, Illinois and St. Paul, Minnesota. U.S. Army Engineer District, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
MOHLENBROCK, R.H. 1999. The illustrated flora of Illinois, Sedges: Carex. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL, U.S.A.
MOORE, J.E. & S. FRANKLIN. 2011. Understanding the relative roles of disturbance and species interactions in shaping Mississippi River island plant communities. Community Ecol. 12:108–116. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24113719
MOORE, J.E., S.B. FRANKLIN, & J.W. GRUBAUGH. 2011. Herbaceous plant community responses to fluctuations in hydrology: Using Mississippi River islands as models for plant community assembly. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 138:177–191. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41262030
(NRCS) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE. 2019. Web soil survey. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Available at websoilsur-vey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx. Accessed Jul 2022.
(NRCS) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE. 2022. The PLANTS Database. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Available at plants.usda.gov. Accessed June 2022.
NATURESERVE. 2022. Statuses. NatureServe Explorer. Available at explorer.natureserve.org/AboutTheData/Statuses. Accessed July 2022.
OGLE, J., T. WITSELL, & J. GENTRY. 2021. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of Arkansas. Ozark Society Foundation, Little Rock, AR, U.S.A.
PECK, J.H. & M.M. SMART. 1986. An assessment of the aquatic and wetland vegetation of the Upper Mississippi River. Hydrobiologia 136:57–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00051504
PEREYRA, P.J. 2019. Rethinking the native range concept. Conservation Biol. 34:373–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13406
QGIS DEVELOPMENT TEAM. 2022. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available at qgis.osgeo.org. Accessed May 2022.
R CORE TEAM. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at R-project.org/. Accessed January 2022.
RODGERS, M.T., E.H. RIIFF, D.C. GORDON, R.D. DAVINROY, & J.L. BROWN. 2004. Sedimentation and navigation study of the Lower Mississippi River Tarpley Island, river miles 550 to 532. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
SAUCIER, R.T. 1994. Geomorphology and Quaternary geologic history of the Lower Mississippi Valley Volume 1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
(SERNEC) SERNEC Data Portal. 2022. Available at sernecportal.org/index.php. Accessed June 2022.
SHULL, C.A. 1922. The formation of a new island in the Mississippi River. Ecology 3:202–206. https://doi.org/10.2307/1929034
SHULL, C.A. 1944. Observations of general vegetational changes on a river island in the Mississippi River. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 32:771–776. https://doi.org/10.2307/2421249
SIMS, C.S. 2023. Influence of seasonal flooding on plant reproductive phenology on Buck Island Wildlife Management Area, a Lower Mississippi River island. Arkansas State University, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing. In press.
SMITH, E.B. 1994. Keys to the flora of Arkansas. The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A.
SPAULDING, D.D. 2013. Key to the dodders (Cuscuta, Convolvulaceae) of Alabama and adjacent states. Phytoneuron 74:1–15.
STRAYER, D.L. 2010. Alien species in fresh waters: ecological effects, interactions with other stressors, and prospects for the future. Freshwater Biol. 55:152–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02380.x
THOMAS, J.R. In preparation. Dichanthelium of Arkansas.
THOMAS, J.R. 2009. Vitaceae seedlings; a mystery no more. The Vasculum. Available at thevasculum.blogspot.com/2009/08/vitaceae-seedlings-mystery-no-more.html. Accessed Jul 2022.
TOCKNER, K. & J.A. STANFORD. 2002. Riverine flood plains: Present state and future trends. Environm. Conservation 29:308–330. https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689290200022X
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 2015. 2015 flood control and navigation maps, Mississippi River, Cairo, Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico, mile 953 A.H.P to mile 22 B.H.P., 63rd edition. Mississippi Valley Division.
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 2022. Rivergages.com: Providing River Gage Data for Rivers, Streams and Tributaries. Available at ri-vergages.mvr.usace.army.mil/WaterControl/new/layout.cfm. Accessed November 2020.
USDA FARM SERVICE AGENCY. 2009. Island Satellite Images. Google Earth Pro. Available at google.com/earth/versions/. Accessed July 2022.
WEAKLEY, A.S. 2020. Flora of the southeastern United States. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A. Available at ncbg.unc.edu/research/unc-herbarium/flora-request/.
WEAKLEY, A.S. & THE SOUTHEASTERN FLORA TEAM. 2022. Flora of the southeastern United States. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden. Available at ncbg.unc.edu/research/unc-herbarium/flora-request/.
WEBB, J.W. & C.V. KLIMAS. 1988. Vegetation development on revetments along the Lower Mississippi River. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, U.S.A.
YATSKIEVYCH, G. 1999. Steyermark’s flora of Missouri. Volume 1. Rev. ed. Missouri Department of Conservation in cooperation with Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
YATSKIEVYCH, G. 2006. Steyermark’s flora of Missouri. Volume 2. Rev. ed. Missouri Botanical Garden Press in cooperation with Missouri Department of Conservation, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
YATSKIEVYCH, G. 2013. Steyermark’s flora of Missouri. Volume 3. Rev. ed. Missouri Botanical Garden Press in cooperation with Missouri Department of Conservation, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
ZHANG, J. 2016. spaa: SPecies Association Analysis. R package version 0.2.2. Available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spaa.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Botanical Research Institute of Texas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
