The Cenchrus spinifex group (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Texas and notes on reinstated Cenchrus S.S. in the United States
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v20.i1.1461Resumen
Se ofrece una descripción del grupo Cenchrus spinifex de Texas basada en el estudio de los especímenes tipo, el trabajo de campo y el examen de las accesiones del herbario y las imágenes digitales. A partir de este estudio, se restablecen varias especies anteriormente sinonimizadas bajo Cenchrus spinifex: C. albertsonii, C. incertus, C. roseus, C. strictus (costa de Carolina del Sur a Florida) y C. bambusoides (Florida, costa sur de Mexico). La especie mexicana Cenchrus roseus se registra por primera vez de Texas y se describe una nueva especie de Cenchrus para este territorio: C. densiflorus Wipff, sp. nov. del sur de Texas. Se proporcionan claves para los taxones documentados en Texas y Estados Unidos, descripciones, imágenes de los tipos de cada taxon y mapas de distribución.
Citas
ALLEN, C.M., D.A. NEWMAN, & H. WINTERS. 2004. Grasses of Louisiana, 3rd Edition. Allen's Native Ventures, LLC. Pitkin, LA, U.S.A. 374 pp.
AVDULOV, N.P. 1928. (Karyo–Systematische Untersuchung der Familie Gramineen.) All Union Congr. Bot., Moscow. Pp. 65–67 (in Russian).
AVDULOV, N.P. 1931. Karyo–Systematische Untersuchung der Familie Gramineen. 428 pp., illus. Leningrad. Trudy Prikl. Bot., Genet., i Selek. Prilozh. (Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet., Pl. Breed. Sup. 44.)
BASHAW, E.C. 1953. An investigation of the morphology, cytology, and mode of reproduction of Cenchrus setigerus. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A. Pp. 41.
BASHAW, E.C. 1969. Registration of buffelgrass germplasm. Crop Sci. 9:396.
BENTHAM, G. 1844. The botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur, under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, during the years 1836–42. Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Smith, Elder, London, UK.
BIR, S.S. & H.S. CHAUHAN. 1990. SOCGI plant chromosome number reports—IX. J. Cytol. Genet. 25:147–148.
BOWDEN, W.M. & H. SENN. 1962. Chromosome numbers in 28 grass genera from South America. Canad. J. Bot. 40:1115–1124.
BREWTON, J.L., F. OWENS, S. ARONOW, & V.E. BARNES. 1976. Geologic atlas of Texas. Laredo sheet: Austin, University of Texas, Bureau of Econom-ic Geology, scale 1:250,000. E. Barnes, Project Director.
BROWN, JR., L.F., J.L. BREWTON, & J.H. MCGOWEN. 1975. Geologic atlas of Texas, Corpus Christi sheet: Austin, University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology, scale 1:250,000. V.E. Barnes, Project Director.
BROWN, W.V. 1950. A cytological study of some Texas Gramineae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77:63–76.
BROWN, W.V. 1951. Chromosome numbers of some Texas grasses. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 78:292–299.
CARO, J. A. & E. SÁNCHEZ. 1967. Notas Criticas sobre Especies de Cenchrus (Gramineae). Kurtziana 4: 39–50.
CARO, J. A. & E. SÁNCHEZ. 1967a. Las Especies de Cenchrus (Gramineae) de la Republic Argentina. Kurtziana 4:95–129.
CAVANILLES, A.J. 1799. Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum. Vol 6., Typographia Regia, Madrid. Pp. 1061.
CHAPMAN, A.W. 1860. Flora of the southern United States: containing abridged descriptions of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennes-see, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida, arranged according to natural system. Ivson, Phinney, New York, U.S.A. 621 pp.
CHAPMAN, A.W. 1878. An enumeration of some plants – chiefly from the semi–tropical regions of Florida – which have not hitherto been recorded as belonging to the Flora of the Southern States. Bot. Gaz. 3(3):17–21.
CHAPMAN, A. W. 1883. Flora of the southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennes-see, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. 2d ed. American Book Company, New York, U.S.A.
CHASE, A. 1920. The North American species of Cenchrus. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(1):45–77.
CHASE, A. 1921. The North American species of Pennisetum. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(4):209–234.
CHEMISQUY, S., L.M. GIUSSANI, M.A. SCATAGLINI, E.A. KELLOGG, & O. MORRONE. 2010. Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): A combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus. Ann. Bot. 106:107–130.
CLAYTON, W.D. & S.A. RENVOIZE. 1982. Gramineae, Pt. 3:451–898. In: R.M. Polhill, ed. Flora of Tropical East Africa. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
CLAYTON, W.D. & S.A. RENVOIZE. 1986. Genera Graminum: Grasses of the world. Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 13. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, Lon-don, UK.
CURTIS, M.A. 1835. Enumeration of plants growing spontaneously around Wilmington, North Carolina, with remarks on some new and obscure species. Boston J. Nat. Hist. 1(2):135–136. 1835. (May 1835).
DARLINGTON, C.D. & E.K. JANAKI–AMMAL. 1945. Chromosome atlas of cultivated plants. Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, UK.
DARLINGTON, C.D. & A.P. WYLIE. 1955. Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., London, UK.
DE WETT, J.M. J. 1958. Additional chromosome numbers in Transvaal grasses. Cytologia 23:113–118.
DELISLE, D.G. 1963. Taxonomy and distribution of the Genus Cenchrus. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 34(3):259–351.
DELISLE, D.G. 1964. Chromosome numbers in Cenchrus (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 51(10):1133–1134.
DONADÍO, S., L.M. GIUSSANI, E.A. KELLOGG, F.O. ZULOAGA, & O. MORRONE. 2009. A preliminary molecular phylogeny of Pennisetum and Cenchrus (Poaceae–Paniceae) based on the trnL–F, rpl16 chloroplast markers. Taxon 58:392–404.
FEDERLEY, H. 1913. Das Verhalten der Chromosomen bei der Spermatogenese der Schmrtlrrlinge Pygaera anachoreta, curtala uitd pigrn sowie einige ihrer Bastarde. – Zeitschrift fur ind. Abstamm.– und Verb.–lehre, Vol. 9.
FILGUEIRAS, T.S. 1984. O gênero Cenchrus L. no Brasil (Gramineae: Panicoideae). Acta Amazon. 14:95–127.
FISHER, W.D., E.C. BASHAW, & E.C. HOLT. 1954. Evidence for apomixis in Pennisetum ciliare and Cenchrus setigerus. Agron. J. 46:401–404.
FOURNIER, E.P.N. 1886. Mexicanas Plantas: nuper a collectoribus expeditionis scientificæ allatas aut longis ab annis in herbario. Volume 2. Parisiis: Ex Typographeo Reipublicae.
GANDHI, K.N. 2018. Personal Communication, regarding orthography of Pennisetum setigerum.
GARILLETI, R. 1993. Herbarium cavanillesianum seu enumeratio plantarum exsiccatarum aliquo modo ad novitates cavanillesianas perti-nentium, qua in Horti Regii Malritensis atque Londinensis Societatis Linnaeanac herbariis asservantur. Fontqueria 38:[1-5] 6–248.
GOULD, F.W. 1958. Chromosome numbers in southwestern grasses. Amer. J. Bot. 45:757–767.
GOULD, F.W. 1960. Chromosome numbers in southwestern grasses. II. Amer. J. Bot. 47:873–877.
GOULD, F.W. 1965. Chromosome numbers in some Mexican grasses. Bol. Soc. Bot. México 29:49–62.
GOULD, F.W. 1975. The grasses of Texas. Texas A&M Univ. Press, College Station, U.S.A. 653 pp.
GRIFFITHS, G., S. BRYCE, J. OMERNIK, & A. ROGERS. 2007. Ecoregions of Texas. Project report to Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. 125 pp. https://www.epa.gov/eco–research/ecoregion–download–files–state–region–6#pane–41.
GUTIÉRREZ, H. F. & O. MORRONE. 2012. Novedades nomenclaturales en Cenchrus s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47(1–2):263–269.
GUTIÉRREZ, H.F. 2015. Las Especies Americanas del Género Cenchrus s.l. (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae). Darwiniana, n.s. 3(1):114–200.
HENRARD, J.T. 1935. Identification of some Malaysian grasses. Blumea 1:305–311.
HIGNIGHT, K.W., E.C. BASHAW, & M.A. HUSSEY. 1991. Cytological and morphological diversity of native apomictic buffelgrass, Pennisetum cilia-re (L.) Link. Bot. Gaz. 152:214–218.
HITCHCOCK, A.S. 1920. The Genera of Grasses of the United States: With Special Reference to the Economic Species. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agric., Bull. 772.
HITCHCOCK, A.S. 1931. Poaceae, part 4. In Vol. 17, North American flora. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, U.S.A. Pp. 1–354.
HITCHCOCK, A.S. 1935. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Misc. Publ. 200. Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office.
HITCHCOCK, A.S. 1951. [Title page 1950]. Manual of the grasses of the United States. 2nd ed. Revised by A. Chase. USDA Misc. Publ. 200. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
JAUHAR P.P. 1981. Cytogenetics and breeding of pearl millet and related species. Alan R Liss, New York, U.S.A. 289 p.
KARPECHENKO, G.D. 1927. Polyploid hybrid of Raphanus sativus L. X Brassica oleracea L. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. Pl. Breed. 7:305–410.
KRISHNASWAMY, N. 1940. Untersuchen zur Cytologie und Systematik der Gramineen. Bot. Centralbl. 60:1–56.
LEVITSKY, G. A. & G.K. BENETSKAYA. 1930. Cytological investigations of constant–intermediate rye–wheat hybrids. Tr. vsesojusn. siesda genet., select., semenow., plem. jivotnov. Leningr 1929, II, 345–349.
MALUSA, J., K. REICHHARDT, & R.S. FELGER. 2013. Giant sandbur (Cenchrus palmeri, Poaceae) new for Arizona and the United States. Phytoneu-ron 2013–91:1–5.
MARTEL, E., V. PONCET, F. LAMY, S. SILJAK–YAKOVLEV, B. LEJEUNE, & A. SARR. 2004. Chromosome evolution of Pennisetum species (Poaceae): Impli-cations of ITS phylogeny. Pl. Syst. Evol. 249(3):139–149.
MNIF, L., K. MSSEDI, & M. CHAIEB. 2005. Cenchrus ciliaris L. en Tunisie aride: nombres chromosomiques, aptitudes germinatives et reproduc-trices de quelques populations. Acta Bot. Gallica 152(1):45–56.
MOFFETT, A.A. & R. HURCOMBE. 1949. Chromosome numbers of South African grasses. Heredity 1:369–373.
MORRONE, O., A. ESCOBAR, & F.O. ZULOAGA. 2006. Chromosome studies in American Panicoideae (Paniceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93:647–657.
NASH, G.V. 1895. The genus Cenchrus in North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22(7):298–302.
NASH, G.V. 1903. Poaceae. Pp. 48–161. In: Small, J.K., Flora of the southeastern United States: being descriptions of the seed–plants, ferns and fern–allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisi-ana and the Indian territory and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one–hundredth meridian. Published by author, New York, U.S.A.
NASH, G.V. 1912. Poaceae, part 2. In Vol. 17, North American flora. New York Botanical Garden. Pp. 1–196.
NATH, J. & M.S. SWAMINATHAN. 1957. Chromosome numbers of some grasses. Ind. J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 17:102.
PARODI, L.R. 1946. Gramíneas Bonarienses. Clave para la determinación de los géneros y enumeración de las especies, 4th ed. Acme Agency, Buenos Aires.
POHL, R. 1980. Cenchrus Linnaeus. In: Flora Costaricensis, Family #15 Gramineae. Fieldiana, Bot., No. 4.
POHL, R.W. & G. DAVIDSE. 1971. Chromosome numbers of Costa Rican grasses. Brittonia 23(3):293–324.
POOLE, J.M., W.R. CARR, D.M. PRICE, & J.R. SINGHURST. 2007. Rare plants of Texas. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, U.S.A. 640 pp.
READ, J.C. & E.C. BASHAW. 1969. Cytotaxonomic relationships and the role of apomixis in speciation in buffelgrass and birdwoodgrass. Crop Sci. 9:805–806.
REEDER, J.R. 1968. Notes on Mexican grasses VIII. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers–2. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 95:69–86.
ROBERT, T., N. KHALFALLAH, E. MARTEL, F. LAMY, V. PONCET, C. ALLINNE, M. REMIGEREAU, S. REKIMA, M. LEVEUGLE, G. LAKIS, S. SILJAK–YAKOVLEV, & A. SARR. 2011. Pennisetum. In: C. Kole, ed., Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources, Millets and Grasses, Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany. Chapter 13:217–255.
RUNYON, H.E. 1939. A new sandbur from western Oklahoma: Cenchrus albertsonii. Amer. J. Bot. 26(7):485–486, f. 1–2.
RYBIN, V.A. 1927. Polyploid hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. × N. rustica L. Bull. Acclimat. Stat. 1927(6):191–240.
SHINNERS, L.H. 1956. Cenchrus parviceps (Gramineae), a new species from Southern Texas. Field & Lab. 24(2):73–74.
SILVEUS, W.A. 1933. Texas grasses; classification and description of grasses; descriptive systematic agrostology. Published by author, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
SNYDER, L.A., A.R. HERNANDEZ, & H.E. WARMKE. 1955. The mechanism of apomixis in Pennisetum ciliare. Bot. Gaz. 116:209–221.
SOHNS, E.R. 1949. The floral morphology of Cenchrus, Pennisetum, Setaria and Ixophorus. Ph.D. dissertation. Indiana University, Blooming-ton, IN. Pp. 114.
SOHNS, E.R. 1955. Cenchrus and Pennisetum: Fascicle morphology. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 45(5):135–143.
STIEBER, M.T. & J.K. WIPFF. 2003. Cenchrus L. Pp. 529–535. In: Barkworth, M.E., Capel, K.M., Long, S. & Piep, M.B., eds., Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 25, Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press, New York.
TATEOKA, T. 1955. Karyotaxonomy in Poaceae. III. Further studies of somatic chromosomes. Cytologia 20:296–306.
TSCHERMAK, E. VON & H. BLEIER. 1926. Über fruchtbare Aegilops–Weizenbastarde. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 44:110–132.
TURLAND, N.J. (& 15 others), EDS. 2018: International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159.
VASEY, G. 1883. The grasses of the United States: Being a synopsis of the tribes and genera, with descriptions of the genera, and a list of the species. Dept. Agric. Special Report No. 63. U.S. Government Printing Office. 47 pp.
VASEY, G. 1892. Monograph of the grasses of the United States and British America. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(1):1–89.
VELDKAMP, J.F. 2014. A revision of Cenchrus incl. Pennisetum (Gramineae) in Malesia with some general nomenclatural notes. Blumea 59:59–75.
VISSER, N.C., J.J. SPIES, & H.J.T. VENTER. 1998. Aneuploidy in Cenchrus ciliaris (Poaceae, anicoideae, Paniceae): Truth or fiction? S. African J. Bot. 64(6):337–345.
WARD, D.B. 2010. Keys to the flora of Florida – 26, Cenchrus (Gramineae). Phytologia 92(3):442–450.
WATSON, L., T.D. MACFARLANE, & M.J. DALLWITZ. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references. Version: 15th June 2025. delta–intkey.com’.
WEAKLEY, A.S., D.B. POINDEXTER, R.J. LEBLOND, B.A. SORRIE, C.H. KARLSSON, P.J. WILLIAMS, E.L. BRIDGES, S.L. ORZELL, B.R. KEENER, A. WEEKS, R.D. NOYES, M. FLORES–CRUZ, J.T. DIGGS, G.D. GANN, & A.J. FLODEN. 2017. New combinations, rank changes, and nomenclatural and taxonomic comments in the vascular flora of the southeastern United States. II. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 11(2):291–325.
WEBSTER, R.D. 1987. The Australian Paniceae (Poaceae). J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany.
WEBSTER, R.D. 1988. Genera of the North American Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae). Syst. Bot. 13:576–609.
WIPFF, J.K. 2001. Nomenclature changes in Pennisetum (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 19:523–530.
WIPFF, J.K. 2003. Pennisetum Rich. Barkworth, M.E., K.M. Capel, S. Long, & M.B. Piep, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 25, Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press, New York. Pp. 515–529.
WIPFF, J.K. & R.B. SHAW. 2018. New combinations in Cenchropsis, Dichanthelium, and Stapfochloa (Poaceae). Phytoneuron 2018–54: 1–7.
ZULOAGA, F.O. & O. MORRONE. 2003. Cenchrus. In: F.O. Zuloaga, O. Morrone, G. Davidse, T.S. FILGUEIRAS, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, & E.J. Judziewicz. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioide-ae. Eds. R.J. Soreng and S.J. Pennington. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:144–150.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Botanical Research Institute of Texas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
