Cyperus flavicomus (Cyperaceae), long misnamed C. macrostachyos: a comprehensive taxonomic reassessment with annotated synonymy and voucher-backed global distribution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v20.i3.1487Palabras clave:
Cyperaceae, Cyperus flavicomus Michx, Cyperus macrostachyos Lam, synonymy, morphology, distribution, lectotype designationResumen
A ciperácea anual pantropical amplamente conhecida como Cyperus macrostachyos Lam. (Cyperaceae; Cyperus subg. Cyperus, o antigo gênero segregado Pycreus) foi descrita sob mais de 30 nomes ao longo dos últimos dois séculos, tratada ora como uma única espécie, ora como duas, sem consenso substantivo quanto à sua circunscrição ou nomenclatura. Na América do Norte, a espécie é reconhecida como C. flavicomus Michx. Para resolver essas discrepâncias, examinamos os protólogos e, quando disponíveis, os materiais-tipo originais de todos os nomes atual ou historicamente sinonimizados com C. macrostachyos s.l., complementados por um levantamento extenso de coleções digitalizadas atribuídas à espécie e de material mais amplo de Pycreus da África e do sul da Ásia (ca. 2.000 espécimes de 130 herbários no total). Apresentamos três conclusões principais. Primeiro, a variação morfológica historicamente utilizada para separar a espécie em dois táxons é atribuível a caracteres ambientalmente plásticos ou dependentes do estágio de maturação, e não justifica o reconhecimento de mais de uma espécie. Segundo, o exame do holótipo e do fragmento de holótipo de C. macrostachyos revela que esse material não é coespecífico da espécie pantropical à qual tem sido aplicado desde Hooper e Raynal (1969), mas corresponde, em todos os caracteres observáveis, à espécie endêmica do sul da Ásia C. puncticulatus Vahl. A localidade “Ex Africa” citada por Lamarck (1791) não pôde ser corroborada por nenhum material dentre as extensas coleções africanas examinadas; formulamos a citação do tipo como “Localidade incerta (‘Ex Africa’ teste Lamarck 1791)” para refletir esse fato. Terceiro, o nome correto para a espécie pantropical é C. flavicomus Michx. (1803)—primeiramente restabelecido por Tucker (1985), aqui independentemente confirmado e estendido para abranger a sinonímia completa. A conservação de C. puncticulatus Vahl contra C. macrostachyos Lam. é recomendada sob o Art. 14 do CIN; uma proposta formal será submetida ao Taxon. São fornecidas uma sinonímia anotada, uma descrição revisada, uma distribuição global respaldada por espécimes-testemunho para C. flavicomus Michx. e designações de lectótipos para onze nomes.
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