Effects of shading on the rare plant species, Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae) and Trillium texanum (Melanthiaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1270Schlagworte:
climate drying; disturbance fugitive; rare, endangered and threatened species; floodplain; ruderal species; seed bank; shade experiment; seep spring dryingAbstract
Rare plant species that are constrained by shading may be threatened by a lack of natural disturbance that removes overhanging vegetation. The original distribution of the study species Physostegia correllii (Lundell) Shinners included freshwater floodplains of large rivers in the southcentral U.S. (Colorado, Rio Grande, and Mississippi rivers). A second species, Trillium texanum Buckley was found in seep spring baygalls in east-central Texas and extreme northwestern Louisiana. Experiments to determine the effects of shading on P. correllii and T. texanum were conducted using short-term shade cloth treatments (full sunlight vs. 30% shading for 2–3 weeks), and a dryness treatment for T. texanum (moist vs. less moist). Mean height and cover responses of individuals for both species were determined in conservation gardens located in Lafayette, Louisiana. Physostegia correllii grown in shaded environments for 2.5 weeks had shorter mean height than if grown in full sunlight. Half of the shaded plants in shaded plots had died by the mid-summer. For T. texanum, shading reduced the mean height and cover of plants. Therefore, management to remove overhanging ground vegetation to mimic natural disturbance might revive P. correllii and/or T. texanum populations where overhanging vegetation is increasing due to lack of natural disturbance (e.g., flood pulsing, grazing, burning).
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BASKIN, C.C. & J.M. BASKIN. 2014. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and, evolution of dormancy and germination. Second Edition. Elsevier, The Netherlands.
BREWER, J.S. 1998. The effects of competition and litter on a carnivorous plant, Drosera capillaris (Droseraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 85:1592–1596.
BREWER, J.S., J.M. LEVINE, & M.D. BERTNESS. 1998. Interactive effects of elevation and burial with wrack on plant community structure in some Rhode Island salt marshes. J. Ecol. 86:125–136.
BROWN, C. & J.F. CAHILL. 2020. Standing vegetation as a coarse biotic filter for seed bank dynamics: effects of gap creation on seed inputs and outputs in a native grassland. J. Veg. Sci. 31:1006–1016.
CANTINO, P.D. 1980. The systematics and evolution of the genus Physostegia (Labiatae). Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard, University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
CANTINO, P.D. 1982. A monograph of the genus Physostegia (Labiatae). Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41764739.
DAY, R. 1983. A survey and census of the endangered Furbish lousewort, Pedicularis furbishiae, in New Brunswick. Canad. Field-Naturalist 97:325–327.
ELSEY-QUIRK, T., G. MARIOTTI, K. VALENTINE, & K. RAPER. 2019. Retreating marsh shoreline creates hotspots of high-marsh plant diversity. Sci. Rep. 9:5795. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42119-8.
FARMER, S.B. 2006. Phylogenetic analyses and biogeography of Trilliaceae. Aliso 22:579–592.
FOWLER, N.L., A. CENTER, & E.A. RAMSEY. 2012. Streptanthus breacteatus (Brassicaceae), a rare woodland herb thrives in less cover: evidence of a vanished habitat. Pl. Ecol. 213:1511–1523.
GARCÍA-GIRÓN, J., J. HEINO, L.L. IVERSEN, A. Helm, & J. ALAHUHTA. 2021. Rarity in freshwater vascular plants across Europe and North America: patterns, mechanisms, and future scenarios. Sci. Total Environ. 786:147491.
KARTESZ, J.T. 2015. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). North American plant atlas. (http://bonap.net/napa). Chapel Hill, N.C. [maps generated from Kartesz, J.T. Floristic synthesis of North America, Version 1.0. Biota of North America Program (BONAP).
KIRKMAN, L.K. & R.R. SHARITZ. 1994. Vegetation distribution and maintenance of diversity in intermittently flooded Carolina bays in South Carolina. Ecol. Applic. 4:177–188.
KRUPA, J.J., K.R. HOPPER, & M.A. NGUYEN. 2021. Dependence of the dwarf sundew (Drosera brevifolia) on burrowing crayfish disturbance. Pl. Ecol. 222:459–467.
LAVOREL, S., J. LEPART, M. DEBUSSCHE, J.D., LEBRETON, & J.-L. BEFFY. 1994. Small scale disturbances and the maintenance of species diversity in Mediterranean old fields. Oikos 70:455–473.
LEONARD, W.J. & O.W. VAN AUKEN. 2013. Light levels and herbivory partially explain the survival, growth, and niche requirements of Streptanthus bracteatus A. Gray (Bracted Twistflower, Brassicaceae), a rare central Texas endemic. Nat. Areas J. 33:276–285.
MACROBERTS, D.T. 1970. Additions to the Louisiana flora. Sida 7:220–222.
MACROBERTS, M.H. & B.R. MACROBERTS. 2005. The ecology of Trillium texanum (Trilliaceae) on the Angelina National Forest, Texas. Sida 21:1893–1903.
METTLER, P.A., M. SMITH, & K. VICTORY. 2001. The effects of nutrient pulsing on the threatened, floodplain species, Boltonia decurrens. Pl. Ecol. 155:91–98.
MIDDLETON, B.A. 1999. Wetland restoration, flood pulsing and disturbance dynamics. John Wiley and Sons, NY, U.S.A.
MIDDLETON, B.A. 2013. Rediscovering traditional vegetation management in preserves: trading experiences between cultures and continents. Biol. Conservation 158:271–279.
MIDDLETON, B.A., C. WILLIAMS, C. DOFFITT, D. & JOHNSON. 2022a. Data Release: Effects of shading on the rare plant species, Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P95BKVZ3.
MIDDLETON, B.A., C. WILLIAMS, C. DOFFITT, D. & JOHNSON. 2022b. Data Release: Effects of shading on the rare plant species, Trillium texanum (Melanthiaceae): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D28MZ1.
MILLER, C.N. & C. KWIT. 2018. Overall seed dispersal effectiveness is low in endemic Trillium species than in the widespread congeners. Amer. J. Bot. 105:1–11.
NATURESERVE. 2021. NatureServe Explorer [website]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A. Available https://explorer.natureserve.org
NEW BRUNSWICK COOPERATIVE FISH AND WILDLIFE RESEARCH UNIT (NCBFWRU). Furbish’s lousewort (Pedicularis furbishiae). https://www.nbcfwru.ca/furbish-s-lousewort. Accessed May 10, 2022.
OWENS, C.S., J.J. GRODOWITZ, & F. NIBLING. 2005. A survey of the invasive aquatic and riparian plants of the Lower Rio Grande, 2004. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, ERDC/EL SR-05-06.
RIVEST, S., G. LAJOIE, D.A. WATTS, & M. VELLEND. 2021. Early spring reduces potential for gene flow via reduced flowering synchrony across and elevational gradient. Amer. J. Bot. 108:538–545.
SAS INSTITUTE INC. 2018. SAS 15.1. Statistical Analysis System, Cary, NC, U.S.A.
SCHILLING, E.E., A. FLODEN, J. LAMPLEY, T.S. PATRICK, S.B. FARMER, S.B. 2017. A new species in Trillium subgen. Delostylium (Melanthiaceae, Parideae). Phytotaxa 296:287–291.
SINGHURST, J.R., E.W. NIXON, W.F. CALDWELL, & W.C. HOLMES. 2002. The genus Trillium (Liliaceae) in Texas. Castanea 67:316–323.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (U.S.D.A). 2021a. Plants database/ NRCS. Available https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PHCO17 and =TRTE3.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (U.S.D.A.). 2021b. National Forests and Grasslands of Texas. Angelina National Forest. U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/texas/about-forest/districts/?cid=fswdev3_008439
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 2021. Texas Trillium. Fact Sheet. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, VA, U.S.A. https://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/arlingtontexas/pdf/TexasTrilliumFactSheet.pdf.
VALLADARES, F. & U. NIINEMETS. 2008. Shade tolerance, a key plant feature of complex nature and consequences. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 39:237–257.
WILLIAMS, C.R. & A. MANNING. 2020. Comparison between two surveys of Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae) in Travis County, Texas. Phytoneuron 2020-5:1–7.
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Veröffentlicht
2022-11-29
Zitationsvorschlag
Middleton, B., Williams, C. R., Doffitt, C., & Johnson, D. (2022). Effects of shading on the rare plant species, Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae) and Trillium texanum (Melanthiaceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 16(2), 591–603. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1270
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FLORISTICS, ECOLOGY, & CONSERVATION
