Evolution and taxonomic revision of the “residual highbush” blueberries of Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus (Ericaceae)

Autores/as

  • Peter W. Fritsch Botanical Research Institute of Texas
  • Andrew A. Crowl Florida Museum of Natural History
  • Paul Manos Duke University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v19.i4.1439

Palabras clave:

blueberry, eastern United States, Ericaceae, polyploidy, Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus

Resumen

La taxonomía de Vaccinium corymbosum en estado natural ha variado mucho. La monografía original de V. sect. Cyanococcus trataba la especie de forma restringida como un tetraploide del noreste de EE.UU. y Canadá adyacente, mientras que el tratamiento más reciente de la sección sinonimiza muchas especies bajo una única especie polimórfica que se extiende por el este de Norteamérica. Los datos de morfología, filogenómica y citometría de flujo para evaluar la ploidía se han utilizado recientemente para resucitar varias de las especies originales de la sinonimia de V. corymbosum. Esto ha dejado un grupo de arándanos «residual highbush» de número de especies y delimitación inciertos. Evaluamos la taxonomía de este grupo en el contexto de su origen y evolución con los mismos tipos de datos y análisis utilizados para segregar las especies anteriores. El análisis filogenómico arrojó un grupo residual monofilético de arándanos altos corroborado por varios caracteres morfológicos. Ni los diploides ni los tetraploides del clado formaban grupos monofiléticos, pero los análisis de componentes principales y de estructura genética proporcionaron pruebas de la existencia de grupos mayoritariamente distintos alineados con la ploidía. Los dos niveles ploidales tienen rangos geográficos que no se solapan, con los diploides en el sureste de EE.UU. y los tetraploides en el noreste de EE.UU. y Canadá adyacente, solapándose sólo a lo largo de la Llanura Costera Atlántica y la Llanura Costera del Este del Golfo. La no monofilia de los tetraploides, junto con el hallazgo previo de altas frecuencias de gametos no reducidos en el clado highbush residual, sugieren múltiples orígenes autopoliploides. La ausencia de tetraploides en toda el área de distribución occidental de los diploides sugiere que la formación de poliploides es localizada o rara y que los dos niveles de ploidía siguen en gran medida trayectorias evolutivas separadas. Encontramos una mayor diversidad genética en el tetraploide que en el diploide, lo que sugiere que, si se está produciendo flujo genético entre niveles ploidales, no es reciente. Basándonos en una síntesis de los datos, reconocemos dos especies, la diploide V. fuscatum y la tetraploide V. corymbosum, diferenciadas al menos en parte morfológicamente por caracteres que pueden estar asociados al efecto gigas poliploide. Proporcionamos una revisión taxonómica, incluyendo una clave, sinonimia completa, una discusión de la variación de caracteres, notas nomenclaturales y ecológicas, mapas de distribución geográfica y listas de especímenes representativos examinados. Colocamos en sinonimia cuatro nombres reconocidos de forma variable en la literatura florística y hortícola reciente, es decir, los diploides V. atrococcum y V. caesariense bajo V. fuscatum, y los tetraploides V. formosum y V. marianum bajo V. corymbosum. Proporcionamos lectotipos para Cyanococcus holophyllus, V. atlanticum, V. caesariense, V. corymbosum, V. corymbosum var. atrocarpum, V. corymbosum var. glabrum, V. formosum, V. fuscatum, V. marianum y V. vicinum. Vaccinium cuthbertii se incluye bajo el sinónimo de V. fuscatum, pero merece una investigación más profunda en cuanto a su posible distinción taxonómica.

Citas

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2025-12-16

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Fritsch, P. W., Crowl, A. A., & Manos, P. (2025). Evolution and taxonomic revision of the “residual highbush” blueberries of Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus (Ericaceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 19(4), 419–476. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v19.i4.1439

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