Phantophlebia dicycla gen. et sp. nov., a five-merous fossil flower in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v14.i1.898Resumen
Se describe una flor fósil del ámbar del Cretácico medio de Myanmar (Birmania) como el nuevo género y especie Phantophlebia dicycla. El perianto de la flor está compuesto de dos verticilos pentámeros de tépalos, los tépalos externos son más pequeños y de forma más irregular que los internos. Todos los tépalos están bien vascularizados, con pocas a muchas venas que están conectados por una red irregular de pequeñas venas. Los cinco estambres de la flor están opuestos a los tépalos internos, con anteras biloculares que se abren por hendiduras latrorsas, oblicuas. No se ha visto gineceo debajo de la burbuja de aire que cubre el centro de la flor. El fósil comparte algunas características con miembros mirsinoides de la familia Primulaceae.
Citas
Calvillo-Canadell, L. & S.R.S. Cevallos-Ferriz. 2007. Reproductive structures of Rhamnaceae from the Cerro del Pueblo (Late Cretaceous, Coahuila) and Coatzingo (Oligocene, Puebla) formations, Mexico. Amer. J. Bot. 94:1658–1669.
Chambers, K.L. & G.O. Poinar, Jr. 2020. Thymolepis toxandra gen. et sp. nov., a mid-Cretaceous fossil flower with horseshoe-shaped anthers. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14:57-64.
Chambers, K.L., G.O. Poinar, Jr., & R. Buckley. 2010. Tropidogyne, a new genus of Early Cretaceous eudicots (Angiospermae) from Burmese amber. Novon 20:23–29.
Cohen, K.M., S. FINNEY, & P.I. GIBBARD. 2013. International Chronostratigraphic Chart. International Commission on Stratigraphy. www.stratigraphy.org
Correa, E., C. Jaramillo, S. Manchester, & M. Gutierrez. 2010. A fruit and leaves of Rhamnaceous affinities from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Colombia. Amer. J. Bot. 97:71–79.
Crepet, W.L., K.C. Nixon, D. Grimaldi, & M. Riccio. 2016. A mosaic Lauralean flower from the Early Cretaceous of Myanmar. Amer. J. Bot. 103:290–297.
Cruickshank, R.D. & K. Ko. 2003. Geology of an amber locality in the Hukawng Valley, northern Myanmar. J. Asian Earth Sci. 21:441–455.
Friis, E.M., K. Raunsgaard-Pedersen, & P.R. Crane. 2010. Cretaceous diversification of angiosperms in the western of the Iberian Peninsula. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 162:341–361.
Friis, E.M., P.R. Crane, & K.R. Pedersen. 2011. Early flowers and angiosperm evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 585 pp.
Liu, Z-J., D. Huang. C. Cai, & X. Wang. 2018. The core eudicot boom registered in Myanmar amber. Scientific Reports 8:16765.
Manchester, S.R., D.L. Dilcher, W.B. Judd, B. Corder, & J.F. Basinger. 2018. Early Eudicot flower and fruit: Dakotanthus gen. nov. from the Cretaceous Dakota Formation of Kansas and Nebraska, U.S.A. Acta Palaeobot. 58:27–40.
Manchester, S.R., D.K. Kapgate, & J. Wen. 2013. Oldest fruits of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Cherts of India. Amer. J. Bot. 100:1849–1859.
Medan, D. & C. Schirarend. 2004. Rhamnaceae. In: K. Kubitzki, ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 6:320–338.
Mez, C. 1902. Myrsinaceae. In: A. Engler, ed. Das Pflanzenreich. Wilhelm Engelmann Verlag, Leipzig, Germany. IV. 236. Pp. 1–437.
Peris, D., C.C. Labandeira, E. Barrón, X. Delclòs, J. Rust, & B. Wang. 2020. Generalist pollen-feeding beetles during the mid-Cretaceous. iScience 100913.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. 2017. A mid-Cretaceous Lauraceae flower, Cascolaurus burmitis gen. et sp. nov., in Myanmar amber. Cretaceous Research 71:96–101.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. 2018a. Burmese amber: Evidence of Gondwanan origin and Cretaceous dispersion. Hist. Biol. 2018:1–6.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. 2018b. Mid-Cretaceous angiosperm flowers in Myanmar amber. In: B. Welch & M. Wilkerson, eds. Recent Advances In Plant Research. Nova Science Publishers, New York. Pp. 187–218.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2005. Palaeoanthella huangii gen. et sp. nov., an Early Cretaceous flower (Angiospermae) in Burmese amber. Sida 21:2087–2092.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2018a. Setitheca lativalva gen. et sp. nov., a fossil flower of Laurales from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12:643–653.
Poinar, G.0., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2018b. Fossil flowers of Lachnociona camptostylus sp. nov., a second record for the genus in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12:655–666.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2019a. Dispariflora robertae gen. et sp. nov., a mid-Cretaceous flower of possible Lauralean affinity from Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 13:173–183.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2019b. Strombothelya gen. nov., a fossil angiosperm with two species in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 13:451–460.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2019c. Tropidogyne lobodisca sp. nov., a third species of the genus from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 13:461–466.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2019d. Zygadelphus aetheus gen. et sp. nov., an unusual fossil flower from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 13:467–473.
Poinar, G.O., Jr. & K.L. Chambers. 2020a. Dasykothon leptomiscus gen. et sp. nov., a fossil flower of possible Lauralean affinity from Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14:65-71.
Poinar, G.O., Jr., K.L. Chambers, & R. Buckley. 2008. An Early Cretaceous angiosperm fossil of possible significance in rosid floral diversification. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2:1183–1192.
Poinar, G.O., Jr., K.L. Chambers, U.T. Iwaniec, & F.E. Vega. 2020. Valviloculus pleristaminis gen. et sp. nov., a fossil Lauralean flower with valvate anthers from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14: submitted.
Poinar, G.O., Jr., G.J.B. Lambert, & Y. Wu. 2007. Araucarian source of fossiliferous Burmese amber: Spectroscopic and anatomical evidence. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1:449–455.
Shi, G., D.A. Grimaldi, G.E. Harlow, J. Wang, M. Yang, W. Lei, Q. Li, & X. Li. 2012. Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U-Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Res. 37:155–163.
Sokol, J. 2019. Troubled treasure. Science 364:722–729.
Srivastava, R. 2011. Indian Upper Cretaceous–Tertiary flora before collision of Indian Plate: A reappraisal of Central and Western Indian flora. Mem. Geol. Soc. India 77:281–292.
Ståhl, B. & A.A. Anderberg. 2004. Myrsinaceae. In: K. Kubitzki, ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 6:266–281.
Sussenguth, K. 1953. Vitaceae. In: H. Melchior and E. Werdermann, eds. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, Germany. Ed. 2. 20d:174–371.
Wen, J. 2007. Vitaceae. In: K. Kubitzki, ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 9:467–479.
