Morphology and identification of the seedlings of selected woody/semi-woody species of dicotyledons sensu lato growing wild in South Florida (U.S.A.). Part I. Species with epigeal germination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i1.1225Abstract
We describe and compare the seedlings of 70 species of trees, shrubs, and woody/semi-woody vines of dicotyledons sensu lato which have epigeal germination and which grow wild in south Florida. For each species we characterize the macroscopical features of the hypocotyl, cotyledons, supra-cotyledonary internodes, and supra-cotyledonary leaves as well as the presence vs. absence of, the kinds of, and the distribution of trichomes. We conclude with a taxonomic key for identifying the seedlings of all considered species. Fifty-nine and 11 of the investigated species are native to, and exotic within Florida, respectively.
References
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BIERHORST, D.W. 1971. Morphology of vascular plants. The Macmillan Co., New York, U.S.A.
CRONQUIST, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York, U.S.A.
CHANCELLOR, R.J. 1966. The identification of weed seedlings of farm and garden. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ox-ford, England.
DE VOGEL, E.F. 1980. Seedlings of dicotyledons. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and documentation. Wageningen, Netherlands.
EAMES, A.J. 1961. Morphology of the angiosperms. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, U.S.A.
ESAU, K. 1977. Anatomy of seed plants. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, U.S.A.
FRANKLIN, J.F. 1961. A guide to seedling identification for 25 conifers of the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
GANN, G.D., K.A. BRADLEY, & S.W. WOODMANSEE. 2002. Rare plants of South Florida: Their history, conservation, and restoration. The Institute for Regional Conservation, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
GARWOOD, N.C. 2009. Seedlings of Barro Colorado Island and the Neotropics. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca, New York, U.S.A.
GIFFORD, E.M. & A.S. FOSTER.1989. Morphology and evolution of vascular plants. 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, U.S.A.
GOEBEL, K. 1900, 1905. Organography of plants. Vol. 1, Parts 1, 2. English translation by I.B. Balfour. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England.
GRAY, A. 1879. The botanical text-book. Part I. Structural botany. 6th ed. Macmillan and Company, London, England.
HARING, E. 1968. The seedling handbook. The Literary Guild of America, Inc. No address indicated.
JACKSON, B.D. 1928. A glossary of botanic terms. 4th ed. Gerald Duckworth & Co., London, England.
KUMMER, A.P. 1951. Weed seedlings. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
LUBBOCK, J. 1892. A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., London, England.
LUBBOCK, J. 1899. On buds and stipules. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., London, England.
MABBERLEY, D.J. 1997. The plant-book. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
MUENSCHER, W.C. 1950. Keys to woody plants. 6th ed. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A.
NELSON, G. 1994. The trees of Florida. Pineapple Press, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A.
NELSON, G. 1996. The shrubs and woody vines of Florida. Pineapple Press, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A.
RADFORD, A.E., W.C. DICKISON, J.R. MASSEY, & C.R. BELL. 1974. Vascular plant systematics. Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, U.S.A.
STUCKY, J.M. 1981. Identifying seedling and mature weeds common in the southeastern United States. The North Caro-lina Agricultural Research Service and The North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State Uni-versity, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A.
SWARTZ, D. 1971. Collegiate dictionary of botany. The Ronald Press Co., New York, U.S.A.
TOMLINSON, P.B. 2001. The biology of trees native to tropical Florida. 2nd ed. Harvard Printing & Publication Services, Allston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
TRELEASE, W. 1918. Winter botany. Published by the author, Urbana, Illinois. U.S.A.
TROLL, W. 1937. Vergleichende Morphologie der höheren Pflanzen. Vol. 1, Parts 1–3. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, Germany.
WILDER, G.J. 1981. Morphology of adult leaves in the Cyclanthaceae (Monocotyledoneae). Bot. Gaz. 142(4):564–588.
WILDER, G.J. 2020. Morphology and symmetry of the vegetative parts of Smilax auriculata (Smilacaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14(1):81-102.
WILDER, G.J. & M.R. MCCOMBS. 2006. New and significant records of vascular plants for Florida and for Collier County and Lee County, Florida. Sida 22:787–799.
WILDER, G.J. & B.J. ROCHE. 2009. A floristic inventory of Marco Island (Collier County), Florida. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(2):873–899.
WILDER, G.J., S.V. SPRUNT, J.A. DUQESNEL, & S.F. KOLTERMAN. 2014. A floristic inventory of Dagny Johnson Key Largo Ham-mock Botanical State Park and immediately adjacent lands (Monroe County), Florida, U.S.A. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8(1):227–251.
WILDER, G.J. & M.J. BARRY. 2012. A floristic inventory of Dismal Key and Fakahatchee Island—two shell mounds situated within the Ten Thousand Islands region in the Gulf of Mexico (Collier County, Florida). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 6(1):259–272.
WILDER, G.J. & B.L. THOMAS. 2016. A floristic inventory of Collier-Seminole State Park and immediately adjacent lands (Collier County), Florida, U.S.A. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 10(1):201–244.
WILDER, G.J. & J.M. MCCOLLOM. 2018. A floristic inventory of Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary (Collier County and Lee Coun-ty), Florida, U.S.A. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12(1):265–315.
WILDER, G.J., J.M. MCCOLLOM, & N.J. BISSETT. 2019. A floristic inventory of the Holmes Avenue Tract (Highlands County), Florida, U.S.A. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 13(2):499–543.
WILDER, G.J., J.M. MCCOLLOM, B. THOMAS, & K. RELISH. 2021. A floristic inventory and reassessment of the flora of Sanibel Island (Lee Co.), Florida, U.S.A. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 15(1):201–260.
WILLIAMS, D. 2010. The Tallgrass Prairie Center guide to seed and seedling identification in the Upper Midwest. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa. U.S.A.
WUNDERLIN, R.P., B.F. HANSEN, A.R. FRANCK, & F.B. ESSIG. 2021. Atlas of Florida plants. http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/. Insti-tute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.
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Published
2022-07-15
How to Cite
Wilder, G. J., & Relish, K. (2022). Morphology and identification of the seedlings of selected woody/semi-woody species of dicotyledons sensu lato growing wild in South Florida (U.S.A.). Part I. Species with epigeal germination. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 16(1), 79–164. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i1.1225
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